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Himanshu Patel ¹, Brajendra ², V. N. Mishra ¹, V. P. Bhadana ²

Affiliations
1 Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.), IN
2 Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad (Telangana), IN

Abstract

Phosphorus is one of the most limiting nutrients for plant growth in soil in both acidic and alkaline soils. To screen the genotypes for their P use efficiency and response to its application the genotypes need to be grown under different gradients so as to compare their performance under different regimes of P application. Therefore, low P plots were divided into 4 sub-plots with different gradients (0,20,40 and 60 kg P₂O₅/ha, respectively). Results showed that at 0 (absolute control) level of P₂O₅, rice genotypes differed widely among all the phenological and yield attributing characters studied. Root length measured was recorded lowest for Mahsuri cultivar (18cm) whereas highest ischolar_main length at maturity stage was recorded for Vikas and Vasumati cultivars (26cm each). At 20 Kg P₂O₅/ha level, ischolar_main length measured was recorded lowest for Mahsuri cultivar (19cm) whereas highest ischolar_main length at maturity stage was recorded for Akshaydhan cultivar (30cm). At 40 Kg P₂O₅/ha level, ischolar_main length measured was recorded lowest for MTU 1010 cultivar (20cm) whereas highest ischolar_main length at maturity stage was recorded for Vasumati cultivar (30cm). Similarly At 60 Kg P₂O₅/ha level, for plant height the values ranged from a low of 58cm for Rp-bio-226 cultivar to a high of 99cm for Vardhan cultivar. Significant but not steep variations were noticed among cultivars for ischolar_main length, flag leaf length and effective number of tillers characteristics at maturity stage.

Keywords

Phenological Characters, Yield Attributes, Rice Genotypes, Phosphorus.

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Brajendra ¹, A. K. Vishwakarma ², Meghna Sarma ³

Affiliations
1 ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad (Telangana), IN
2 ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal (M.P.), IN
3 ICAR - Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Umiam (Meghalaya), IN

Abstract

The pH of the soil is the most important characteristic in determining fertility of the soil. Soil reaction (pH) affects various physical, chemical and biological properties of soils. Upland soils are usually characterized as highly erodible, leached in Mizoram and mostly soils are acidic to varying degree. Soils in their reaction varied from 4.79 to 6.14 in Kolasib district, 4.7 to 6.65 in Mammit district, 4.99 to 5.76 in Aizawl district, 4.51 to 5.71 in Serchip district, 4.59 to 6.49 in Lunglei district, 4.96 to 6.03 in Lawangtalai district, 5.94 to 7.24 in Saiha district and 4.99 to 5.92 in Champhai district . The organic matter content varied from 0.4 to 4.14 per cent with an average value of 2.22.

Keywords

Soil, Acidity, Land Use.

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Shashi Bhushan Kumar ¹, Madhukar Kumar ², Ashok Kumar ³, Brajendra ⁴, B. K. Jha ⁴, A. K. Dwivedi ³, Rakesh Ranjan ³, Maya Kumari ³, Himanshu Singh ³, Pradeep Prasad ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi (Jharkhand), IN
2 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi (Jharkhand), IN
3 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi (Jharkhand), IN
4 ICAR Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad (Telangana), IN

Abstract

Present experiments were conducted at the research farm of Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi during Kharif 1999 and Kharif 2001 to study the influence of nitrogenous fertilizer on the tilth of rice crop by remote sensing technique. Spectral radiance observations of the crop canopy were collected with the Portable Spectroradiometer which scanned from 330 nm to 1100 nm of electromagnetic spectrum range at 5nm interval (band-width). Normalized difference vegetation index was calculated for the both tillage practices, puddle and unpuddled situation at different growth stages for different fertilizer treatment. Fertilized plots were observed to have a higher value of BR than controlled ones throughout the crop growth period, both in puddled and unpuddled treatments. The higher values of band ratio were observed in puddled rice compared to the unpuddled rice irrespective of growth stages and fertilizer application levels. Statistical correlations were developed between NDVI (Normalized difference vegetation index) and RVI (Ratio vegetation index) with LAI (Leaf area index), DM (Dry matter) production and total leaf chlorophyll content. Second order polynomial equations were developed to correlate remotely sensed data with crop biometrics. Polynomial second order equations of 'band ratio' were found to be better fitted than NDVI with crop biometrics.

Keywords

NDVI, Puddle, Unpuddled, Rice, Fertilizer.

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Brajendra ¹, K. Surekha ¹, P. C. Latha ¹, M. B. B. Prasad Babu ¹, V. Ravindra Babu ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad (Telangana), IN

Abstract

Two years field experiments were conducted at the Indian Institute of Rice Research Farm, Hyderabad, to compare the performance of field fortified poultry manure applications on some of the microbiological properties of soil. Continuous application of MEC treatments resulted in decline in the pH of the soil in all the treatments from the initial levels of 8.07. Analysis of post harvest soils of MEC for physical parameters revealed that plots treated with inorganic fertilizer alone had an adverse effect on soil dehydrogenase activities, soil phosphatase activites and soil microbial carbon. Soil microbial biomass C μg C/g soil dry wt was recorded in all the MEC plots compared to control and RDF. Soil enzyme observations such as Alkaline phosphatase μg p-nitrophenol/g soil/ha assayed in all the MEC plots were highly skewed. Lowest value of dehdrogenase μg TPF/g soil/24h activity was observed in the RDF plots. Higher values of soil dehdrogenase activities were recorded in all the MEC plots compared to control and fertilized plots.

Keywords

Mineral Enriched Compost, Dehydrogenase Activities, Phosphatase Activities, Soil Microbial Carbon.

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Brajendra ¹, A. K. Vishwakarma ², Meghna Sarma ³

Affiliations
1 ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad (Telangana), IN
2 ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal (M.P.), IN
3 ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Umiam (Meghalaya), IN

Abstract

Block level samples were collected from surface (0-15 cm depth) soils under major land use systems of Mizoram. Different forms of sulphur, their availability status were inventorized. Surface samples from all the RBDs of Mizoram were analyzed developed under different land forms and land use. Thirty six per cent soils sampled were medium in available sulphur status (10 ppm - 30 ppm). Thirty five per cent soils sampled were found to be low in available sulphur (<10ppm). Twenty nine per cent soils sampled were found to be high (>30ppm). Status of available sulphur was found to be medium in most of the soils.

Keywords

Forms of Sulphur, Availability.

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Brajendra ¹, K. Surekha ¹, P. C. Latha ¹, N. Sailaja ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad (Telangana), IN

Abstract

Two years field experiments were conducted at the Indian Institute of Rice Research Farm, Hyderabad, to compare the performance of field fortified poultry manure applications on physical dynamics of soil. Continuous application of MEC treatments resulted in decline in the pH of the soil in all the treatments from the initial levels of 8.07. Analysis of post harvest soils of MEC for physical parameters revealed that plots treated with inorganic fertilizer alone had an adverse effect on bulk density, porosity, water holding capacity, void ratio and available water after harvest of crop. The values of bulk density ranged from 1.2 to 1.35 g/cc with a mean value of 1.3g/cc. Similar trends were noticed in terms of water holding capacity and percentage porosity values. The lowest bulk density (1.17g/cc) was observed in case of control plots whereas maximum (1.35 g/cc) was observed in case of NPK treated plots.

Keywords

Mineral Enriched Compost, Bulk Density, Porosity, Water Holding Capacity.

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Himanshu Patel ¹, Brajendra ², Vijaypal Bhadana ², Suneetha Kota ², M. Mahadevaswamy ², Rajkamal Patel ¹, Madan Prasad Paikara ¹, Gulab Chand ¹, V. N. Mishra ¹

Affiliations
1 Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.), IN
2 Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad (Telangana), IN

Abstract

Phosphorus (P) deficiency is one of the of the most important nutritional constraints to rice growth across the globe. The desire to improve the P acquisition efficiency of rice arises because of very low use efficiency of fertilizers and also are not always adequate to overcome the crop production constraints. Fertilizers are a costly input, such that their use limits the profitability of rice farming for high-input or low-input systems and the use of fertilizers for these two rice nutrients is inefficient. Rice-growing environments can be categorized into two very broad categories: ‘upland’ and ‘lowland’. For the purposes of this review, we have explored whether there are other ways by which P acquisition by rice can be emphasized. Also, recent interests in foliar nutrition in rice, we must explore some of the other no traditional ways by which external application of P have been utilized. In this brief review paper, we have also tried to review some of the genotypes which are very efficient in low P tolerance.

Keywords

Phosphorus Acqisition, Rice.

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G. S. Laha ¹, V. Prasad ², P. Muthuraman ¹, M. Srinivas Prasad ¹, Brajendra ¹, A. Yugander ¹, V. Ravindra Babu ¹

Affiliations
1 Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad (Telangana), IN
2 Crop Research Station (N.D.U.A. and T.), Masodha (U.P.), IN

Abstract

Mineral elements are applied to improve the plant health and yield. Host nutrition plays a crucial role in the outcome of the interaction between plants and pathogens. Though resistance and susceptibility are controlled genetically, a minor change in the nutritional status of the plants can have a considerable effect on severity of the disease. Mineral nutrition plays a very important role in the prevention of plant disease. Balanced plant nutrition promotes plant vigour providing tolerance to pathogen infection, improve physiological resistance to pathogen and affect the pathogen growth and multiplication. Although disease cannot be totally eliminated by any particular nutrient, the severity of the disease can be greatly reduced by manipulating the mineral nutrition of the plants. The present paper reviews thematically the role of nutrients in such management of diseases. Growers must use proper fertilizer programs, based on soil tests, plant analysis and disease monitoring.

Keywords

Mineral Nutrition, Rice Diseases, Yield.

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S. P. Giri ¹, Brajendra ², K. V. Rao ², Alok Pandey ¹, Himanshu Patel ³

Affiliations
1 Crop Research Station (N.D. University of Agriculture and Technology), Masodha (U.P.), IN
2 Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad (Telangana), IN
3 Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyala, Raipur (C.G.), IN

Abstract

The productivity of rice and per capita availability in India is quite low. The yield level of a crop reflects many facets of crop growth including environmental factors such as rainfall, temperature, sunlight and humidity and cultural factors such as planting date, row spacing, cultivar selection and tillage method. As a result, the interpretation of a relationship is difficult; however response is likely at low yields at high soil test values. The manuscript attempts to highlight the key soil stresses in rice production of India and comes out with names of some of the promising cultivars/germplasms established all along for addressing such issues.

Keywords

Key Biotic, Abiotic Steess, Rice Germplasm.

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Brajendra ¹, L. M. Shukla ¹, B. S. Kherawat ², Munna Lal ³

Affiliations
1 Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (New Delhi), IN
2 Division of Crop Improvement, Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal (Haryana), IN
3 Division of Resource Management, Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad (A.P.), IN

Abstract

A green house experiment was carried out with surface soil samples (0-15 cm) collected in bulk from twenty different sites from plateau region of Jharkhand comprising the districts of Dhanbad, Giridih, Hazaribagh and Ranchi. Mustard was taken as a test crop. The dry matter yield and per cent relative yield were taken. To determine the critical limit of available S in soil for mustard using different extractants. The critical limit of available S for different extractants for mustard were 6.6 mg kg^-1(0.001 M HCl), 17.2 mg kg^-1(0.25 M HCl), 9.8 mg kg^-1(NaOAc+CH₃COOH), 10.2 mg kg^-1(Water soluble), 15.6 mg kg^-1(NH₄OAc+CH₃COOH), 15.6 mg kg^-1(0.15% CaCl₂), 13.2 mg kg^-1(1% NaCl ), 18.2 mg kg^-1(Heat soluble), 38.6 mg kg^-1(CaH₂PO₄), 48.8 mg kg^-1(KH₂PO₄).

Keywords

Sulphur, Critical Limit, Alfisols, Ultisols, Extractants, Mustard.

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Brajendra ¹, L. M. Shukla ¹, B. S. Kherawat ², Munna Lal ³

Affiliations
1 Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (New Delhi), IN
2 Division of Crop Improvement, Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal (Haryana), IN
3 Division of Resource Management, Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad (A.P.), IN

Abstract

In a green house experiment carried out with surface soil samples (0-15 cm) collected in bulk from twenty different sites from plateau region of Jharkhand comprising the districts of Dhanbad, Giridih, Hazaribagh and Ranchi, safflower was taken as a test crop. The dry matter yield and per cent relative yield were taken. To determine the critical limit of available S in soil for safflower using different extractants standerd statistical method was followed. The critical limit of available S for different extractants for safflower were 5.2 mg kg^-1(0.001 M HCl), 6.2 mg kg^-1(0.25 M HCl), 8.6 mg kg^-1(NaOAc+CH₃COOH), 10.4 mg kg^-1(Water soluble), 13.6 mg kg^-1(NH₄OAc+CH₃COOH), 16.2 mg kg^-1(0.15% CaCl₂), 16.8 mg kg^-1(1% NaCl), 19.6 mg kg^-1(Heat soluble), 38.2 mg kg^-1(CaH₂PO₄), 47.8 mg kg^-1(KH₂PO₄), respectively.

Keywords

Sulphur, Critical Limit, Alfisols, Ultisols, Extractants, Sanfflower.

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A. K. Vishwakarma ¹, Brajendra ¹, K. A. Pathak ¹, B. S. Kherawat ²

Affiliations
1 I.C.A.R. Research Complex for NEH Region, Mizoram Centre, Kolasib (Mizoram), IN
2 Division of Crop Improvement, Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal (Haryana), IN

Abstract

A study was carried out on varying doses of lime to maize in an acid soil of Mizoram to determine the effect of lime on yield and its attributes in maize. Lime treatments ranged from 0, 1, 1.5 and 2 t/ha. The maize variety RCM 1-1 was tested with or without added lime. Trials showed lime increased pH increased yield up to its highest dose of application. However, it did not significantly increase yield. Plant height in maize ranged from 170 cm when no lime (control) to 241.75 cm with 2t/ha of lime addition. Sixteen per cent, 35 per cent and 43 per cent increase in yield was observed at different levels of lime over no lime application. Almost 19 per cent, 35 per cent and 43 per cent increase in no. of grains/cob was recorded at different levels of lime over no lime use.

Keywords

Lime, Maize, No Lime, Yield, Mizoram.

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Brajendra ¹, Patiram ¹, L. Somendro Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Soil Science, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, (Meghalaya), IN

Abstract

A maize experiment on soil test crop response (STCR) correlation studies was conducted in mid hills of Meghalaya during Kharif season of 2005. Multiple regressions equations have been calibrated for predicting maize yield through soil and fertilizer nutrients. Using the basic fertilizer response data, crop nutrient requirement per quintal of grain production, efficiency of soil available nutrients and efficiency of fertilizer nutrients were worked out. The nutrient requirement (kg q^-1) of N, P₂O₅ and K₂O were found to be 6.97, 1.42 and 1.04, respectively for producing one quintal of maize yield in Meghalaya.. The nutrient requirement (kg q^-1) of N, P₂O₅ and K₂O were found to be 4.06, 1.60 and 2.15, respectively for producing one quintal of rice yield in Meghalaya. The fertilizer adjustment equations and a ready reckoner of optimum fertilizer doses at varying soil test values for attaining yield target of 40 and 50 qha^-1 of maize yield have been calibrated based on the targeted yield concept. Using these fertilizer equations, four field experiments with maize were conducted during Kharif 2006 at different locations in farmers' fields. The experiments indicated that it is possible to target the maize yield up to 45 q ha^-1. The targeted yield equations and the fertilizer ready reckoner developed for maize grown in Meghalaya are useful for large scale recommendation by the soil testing laboratories of Meghalaya. along with fertilizer adjustment equations.

Keywords

Maize, Fertilizer Equation, Fertilizer Recommendations, Targeted Yield.

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Munna Lal ¹, K. C. Nataraja ¹, B. S. Kherawat ², Brajendra ², Arvind Kumar ²

Affiliations
1 Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad (A.P.), IN
2 Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, R.B.S. College, Bichpuri, Agra (U.P.), IN

Abstract

A pot experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2000 - 2001 at Agra Agricultural College to study the effect of nitrogen and manganese on yield and uptake of nutrients by oat (Avena sativa L.) common oats. The soil was loamy sand having pH 8.2, EC 0.15 dsm^-1, Available N 209.6 Kg ha^-1, available P 14.0 Kg ha^-1, available K 130.6 Kg ha^-1 and available manganese 3.25 mg kg ha^-1 the design of the experiment is Randomized Block design, the treatments consisted of the four levels of nitrogen(0, 40, 80, 120 kg ha^-1) and four levels of manganese (0, 2.5, 5.0, and 10 mg kg^-1). The levels of nitrogen influences the green foliage, dry matter yield, nutrients content and their uptake by oat crop and increased significantly with N₁ @ 40 kg ha^-1, N₂ @ 80 kg ha^-1 and N₃ @ 120 kg ha^-1 levels of nitrogen as compared to control during both the cuttings. The levels of manganese also affected significantly the green foliage, dry matter production and nutrients composition of oat crop in both the cuttings. The maximum green foliage, dry matter production, nutrients content and their uptake by oat crop were maximum at 10 mg kg^-1 of Manganese over control. However the Nitrogen @ 120 kg^-1 and manganese @ 10 mg kg^-1 provided significantly higher green foliage and dry matter yield of oats over rest of the treatments.

Keywords

Oat, Nitrogen, Manganese.

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